The militants said they have killed 70 AU soldiers at the Janale base, 90km (55 miles) south-east of the capital.
AU forces have insisted they are still in control of the base.
Al-Shabab, part of al-Qaeda, is battling the AU-backed government for control of Somalia.
Residents said the attack started with a suicide car bombing at the base’s gate, followed by sustained gunfire which lasted more than an hour.
They told the BBC Somali service that AU forces were seen leaving the base, which is run by the Ugandan troops.
The militants damaged a nearby bridge with a massive bomb to prevent troops from escaping, Col Ahmed Hassan from the Somali army told the Associated Press.
He also said the militants had seized the base.
In June, the group overran another African Union base in Lego, a small town in the Lower Shabelle region in southern Somalia, killing dozens of soldiers and seizing military equipments.
Despite losing most of its key strongholds in south and central Somalia, al-Shabab continues to carry out attacks on the government and African Union troops across the country.
The militants also stage frequent suicide attacks inside the capital, Mogadishu.
Source: 3news.com/Ghana