He has alleged conspiracies against him since taking over from the late President Hugo Chavez and winning disputed elections last month.
Mr Uribe – a fierce critic of President Chavez – dismissed Mr Maduro’s accusation as “immature”.
On Friday, Mr Maduro said: “Uribe is behind a plot to kill me. Uribe is a killer.
“I have enough evidence of who is conspiring, and there are sectors of the Venezuelan right involved,” Mr Maduro added.
Hours later, Mr Uribe responded by saying: “To the immature accusation by the dictatorship… just one response: repeat the elections.”
Mr Maduro won the 14 April poll by a narrow margin of 1.49%, according to the official results.
Venezuelan opposition leader Henrique Capriles is challenging the result, alleging irregularities.
During his term in office Alvaro Uribe clashed with Hugo Chavez on a number of issues.
Mr Uribe, a conservative, stepped down in 2010.
Ties between the two neighbouring countries have been steadily improving since then.
Source: BBC
